Recount text

The purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling events in the order in which they happened (chronological order). Recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience (or both).

Types of Recount

* Personal Recount
These usually retell an event that the writer was personally involved in.

* Factual Recount
Recording an incident, eg. a science experiment, police report.

* Imaginative Recount
Writing an imaginary role and giving details of events, eg. A day in the life of a pirate; How I invented...

Features of Recounts

* focuses on individual participants/events

Structure

* the recount has a title, which usually summarises the text
* specific participants (Mum, the crab)
* The basic recount consists of three parts:
1. the setting or orientation - background information answering who? when? where? why?
2. events are identified and described in chronological order.
3. concluding comments express a personal opinion regarding the events described
* details are selected to help the reader reconstruct the activity or incident (Factual Recount)
* the ending may describe the outcome of the activity, eg. in a science activity (Factual Recount)
* details of time, place and incident need to be clearly stated, eg. At 11.15 pm, between Reid Rd and Havelock St a man drove at 140 kms toward the shopping centre (Factual Recount)
* descriptive details may also be required to provide information, eg. He was a skinny boy with a blue shirt, red sneakers and long tied back hair (Factual Recount)
* includes personal thoughts/reactions (Imaginative Recount)

Language

* is written in the past tense (she yelled, it nipped, she walked)
* frequent use is made of words which link events in time, such as next, later, when, then, after, before, first, at the same time, as soon as she left, late on Friday)
* recounts describe events, so plenty of use is made of verbs (action words), and of adverbs (which describe or add more detail to verbs)
* details are often chosen to add interest or humour to the recount.
* use of personal pronouns (I, we) (Personal Recount)
* the passive voice may be used, eg. the bottle was filled with ink (Factual Recount)

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Giving Instructions

Asking for Instructions

How do you (do this)?
How do I . . . ?
What is the best way to . . . ?
How do I go about it?
What do you suggest?
How do you suggest I proceed?
What is the first step?

Giving Instructions

Sequencing

First, (you) . . .
Then, (you) . . .
Next, (you) . . .
Lastly, (you) . . .
Starting out
Before you begin, (you should . . .)
The first thing you do is . . . .
I would start by . . .
The best place to begin is . . .
To begin with,
Continuing
After that,
The next step is to . . .
The next thing you do is . . .
Once you've done that, then . . .
When you finish that, then . . .
Finishing
The last step is . . .
The last thing you do is . . .
In the end,
When you've finished,
When you've completed all the steps,


Example :

Fold an Origami Seagull

Welcome! Let's play with paper, indulging ourselves in the ancient art of origami! This series of folds makes the Floating Gull. The template follows these instructions (scroll down and get it).

1. Cut the paper to a square along the cut line.
2. Fold on the valley fold line, bringing opposite corners together. In the example, I then turned that fold to be at the top of the picture.
3. Look inside and see the pair of mountain folds that reach from the corner to the sides? Fold the top one (notice that brings an edge of the paper to your valley fold).

4. Then you'll see a fold to make that's a valley fold on top (and a mountain fold below. Amazing!)
5. Flop the paper over (away from you, so that now that first valley fold is towards you) and repeat what you did in steps 3 and 4, folding the other mountain fold and
6. the other valley/mountain fold so that your piece is now symetrical.

7. Just a picture to let you compare yours with mine and congratulate yourself on following directions so well up until now.
8. Fold back and forth on the short dashed lines here, and also
9. the short dashed lines here.

10. Open that first valley fold enough to allow you to fold the "neck" back into the "body" along those heavily creased folds from step 8.
11. Pull the head down into the neck.
12. Finished! Your origami seagull needs a rest now and will be quite content to float upon the sea of papers that you use to hide your desk. Maybe now you want to make one without all the lines printed on it, or possibly spend the rest of your lunch break coloring this one. Don't use your blue Bic® pen or your yellow Hi-Liter® unless you are a Fauvist. ;)

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Simple Future Tense

The Simple Future is formed with will + the base form of the verb.

affirmative short form

I will > I'll >
You will > You'll >
He will > He'll >
She will > She'll > stay.
It will > It'll >
We will > We'll >
You will > You'll >
They will > They'll >

negative short forms

I will not > I'll not > I won't >
You will not > You'll not > You won't >
He will not > He'll not > He won't >
She will not > She'll not > She won't > stay.
It will not > It'll not > It won't >
We will not > We'll not > We won't >
You will not > You'll not > You won't >
They will not > They'll not > They won't >



Notes on the form of the Simple Future Tense



1. Shall and will

Will is used with all persons, but shall can be used as an alternative with I and we in pure future reference.

Shall is usually avoided with you and I:

*

You and I will work in the same office.

2. Contractions

Shall weakens to /S@l/ in speech, but does not contract to 'll in writing. Will contracts to 'll in writing and in fluent, rapid speech after vowels (I'll, we'll, you'll, etc.) but 'll can occur after consonants. So we might find 'll used: e.g.

- after names: Tom'll be here soon.

- after common nouns: The concert'll start in a minute.

- after question-words: When'll they arrive?

3. Negatives

Will not contracts to 'll not or won't; shall not contracts to shan't:

*

We won't or shan't go. (I/We will not or shall not go).

In American English shan't is rare and shall with a future reference is unusual.

4. Future Tense

When we use will/shall for simple prediction, they combine with verbs to form tenses in the ordinary way:

*

Simple Future: I will see
*

Future Progressive: I will be seeing
*

Future Perfect: I will have seen
*

Future Perfect Progressive: I will have been seeing



Uses of the 'will/shall' future



1. 'Will/shall' for prediction briefly compared with other uses

Will and shall can be used to predict events, for example, to say what we think will happen, or to invite prediction:

*

Tottenham will win on Saturday.
*

It will rain tomorrow. Will house prices rise again next year?
*

I don't know if I shall see you next week.



This is sometimes called 'the pure future', and it should be distinguished from many other uses of will and shall: e.g.

*

I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. [promise]
*

Will you hold the door open for me please? [request]
*

Shall I get your coat for you? [offer]
*

Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? [suggestion]
*

Just wait - you'll regret this! [threat]



Though all the above examples point to future time, they are not 'predicting'; they are 'coloured' by notions of willingness, etc. Will/shall have so many uses as modal verbs that some grammarians insist that English does not have a pure future tense.

2. 'Will' in formal style for scheduled events

Will is used in preference to be going to when a formal style is required, particularly in the written language:

*

The wedding will take place at St Andrew's on June 27th. The reception will be at the Anchor Hotel.

3. 'Will/shall' to express hopes, expectations, etc.

The future is often used after verbs and verb phrases like assume, be afraid, be sure, believe, doubt, expect, hope, suppose, think:

*

I hope she'll get the job she's applied for.



The Present with a future reference is possible after hope:

*

I hope she gets the job she's applied for.



Lack of certainty, etc. can be conveyed by using will with adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, surely:

*

Ask him again. Perhaps he'll change his mind.



Time adverbials with the 'will/shall' future tense



Some adverbials like tomorrow are used exclusively with future reference; others like at 4 o'clock, before Friday, etc. are used with other tenses as well as the Future:

*

I'll meet you at 4 o'clock.



Now and just can also have a future reference:

*

This shop will now be open on June 23rd. (a change of date)
*

I'm nearly ready. I'll just put my coat on.


I will sing

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + main verb
invariable base
will V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will open the door.
+ You will finish before me.
- She will not be at school tomorrow.
- We will not leave yet.
? Will you arrive on time?
? Will they want dinner?

When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will
she will
it will he'll
she'll
it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:
I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he will not
she will not
it will not he won't
she won't
it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't
How do we use the Simple Future Tense?
No Plan

We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:

* Hold on. I'll get a pen.
* We will see what we can do to help you.
* Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.

We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:

* I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
* I think I will have a holiday next year.
* I don't think I'll buy that car.

Prediction

We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

* It will rain tomorrow.
* People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
* Who do you think will get the job?

Be

When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

* I'll be in London tomorrow.
* I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
* Will you be at work tomorrow?


WSM Image
Note that when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to.

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Advertisement

Advertisement is information for persuad and motivate a people so that it will anracted. Them to the service and things that are affered.

Function advertisement are :
- Promotion
- Communication
- Information

In making advertisement, keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement

* Using the correct or suitable world
* Using the interesting expression and suggestive
* Using positive cannotations
* Text of advertisement snold directly to the go

2. Advertisement content

* Objective and hanest
* Brief and clear
* Don't to allude group and to other producer
* Attractive attention

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News Item

Is a report of recent occurences; information of something that has lately taken place, or of something before unknown; recent information about specific and timely events.

Other definition

* Information about recent events or happenings, espespecially as reported by newspapaers, periodical, radio, or television.

Special Function

* To inform read or listener or viewer about events of the day which are considered news worth or important.

Generic Structure

1. News worthy event:
* Recount the event in summary form.

2. Background event:
* Elaborate what happened, to whom I what circumstances.

3. Source:
* Comments by participants in witness and authorities expert on the event.

4. Form:
· Using simple present & past tense (but generally prefers simple present tense)

Characteristic

• Short, brief information about story captured in head line.
• Use material process to retell the event.
• Using saying verbs like say, tell, inform.
• Focus on circumstances.
• Use of projecting verbal process in source stager.
• Using action verbs, like, escape, go, run.

Example (a brief sentence cut of some news item):

1. His family has had no news of his whereabouts for months.
2. The job requirements were news to him.
3. The news of the famous actor’s death was greatly exaggerated.

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Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation

Gratitude, the way to said thank you to other people.

• è To express gratitude you can say :
• Thank you
• I’m greatful
• I want to thank …
• I want to express my gratitude to …

• I keep forgetting to thank you for ..

• è Respone of expressing :
• You are welcome
• Don’t mention it
• Not at all
• It was nothing at all
• No problem
• Glad to be help

Congratulation, to said “good” for other people.

è To express congratulation you can say :

Let me congratulate you

Congratulation on your success

Good

That’s great

Isn’t that wonderful

How fortunate

Splendid

Prety good

è Respone of expressing :

Thank you

Thanks, I needed that

That’s very kind of you

You’ve made my day

Some to you

Example congratulation :

Dialogue 1 :

Ais : Who won the football match yesterday?

Ari : Our team did. We won three to one

Ais : Congratulation. I’m glad to hear it

Ari : Thank you

Dialoge 2:

Milda : Happy birthday, Marry. Many happy return of the day

Eri : Thank you, Milda. You are the first me who congratulates me

Milda : Oh realy? Here is a little present for you. I hope you like it.

Eri : Thank you very much. You are realy my best friend.

Compliment, to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to “better up” some day or to flatter in order increase good will.

You compliment some one, for example :

• Ø On his / her general appearance
• 
  
• Ø If you notice something new about the person’s appearance
• 
  
• Ø When you visit someone’s
• 
  
• Ø House for the first time
• 
  
• Ø When other people do their best

è Expressing :

What a nice dress

You look great

You look very nice

Good grades

Excellent

Nice work

Gratitude, thankfulness, or appreciation is a positive emotion or attitude in acknowledgment of a benefit that one has received or will receive. The experience of gratitude has historically been a focus of several world religions, and has been considered extensively by moral philosophers such as Adam Smith. The systematic study of gratitude within psychology only began around the year 2000, possibly because psychology has traditionally been focused more on understanding distress rather than understanding positive emotions. However, with the advent of the positive psychology movement, gratitude has become a mainstream focus of psychological research. The study of gratitude within psychology has focused on the understanding of the short term experience of the emotion of gratitude (state gratitude), individual differences in how frequently people feel gratitude (trait gratitude), and the relationship between these two aspects.

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Greeting

Greeting (also called accosting) is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.

Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.

Some epochs and cultures have had very elaborate greeting rituals, e.g., greeting of a king.

Secret societies have clandestine greeting rituals that allow members to recognize common membership.

Example:

Person A: “Hi, my name is Intan. It’s nice to meet you.”

Person B: “I’m Wendy. It’s a pleasure to meet you, Tan.”

Person A: “What do you do for a living Wen?”

Person B: “I work at the bank.”

Two friends meeting

Friends often say "Hi" to each other. Then they often ask a general question, such as "How are you?" or "How are things?" or "How's life?"

The reply to this question is normally positive.

"Fine thanks, and you?"

"Fine thanks, what about yourself?"

"Not bad." Or "Can't complain."

Greeting people you don't know

You can use "Hello" with people you don't know, but a more formal greeting is "Good morning / afternoon / evening."

The other person normally replies with the same greeting as you have used and then makes polite conversation, such as "How was your trip?" or "Did you find our office easily?"

Introducing yourself

How do you introduce yourself??
-Let me introduce myself, my name is Intan Ayu…
-Hello, I’m Intan Ayu…
-Hi, I’m Intan Ayu. You can call me Intan.
-Hello, my name is Intan Ayu….

At an informal party

"Hello, I'm Maria." Or "Hello, my name's Maria."

The reply could be:

"Hi, I'm Sarah." Or "Hello Maria, I'm Sarah." Or "Nice to meet you, I'm Sarah."

At work-related events

"I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Maria, from english@home."

Or, "Let me introduce myself. I'm Maria from english@home."

The reply could be:

"Nice to meet you. I'm Peter Mitchell, from Mitchell Creations."

"Pleased to meet you. I'm Peter Mitchell, from Mitchell Creations."

"How do you do? I'm Peter Mitchell from Mitchell Creations."

Introducing other people

Introducing a friend to a work colleague

"Sarah, have you met my colleague John?"

"Sarah, I'd like you to meet my colleague John."

Sarah says:

"Pleased to meet you, John." Or "Nice to meet you, John."

John could say:

"Nice to meet you too, Sarah." Or "Hello, Sarah."

Introducing clients

"Mr Mitchell, I'd like to introduce you to my manager, Henry Lewis."

Mr Mitchell could then say:

"How do you do?" and Henry Lewis also says "How do you do?"

Or Mr Mitchell could say:

"Pleased to meet you." Or "Good to meet you."

Speaking Tip

"How do you do?" is quite formal for British English speakers and the reply to this question is to repeat the phrase, "How do you do?" (as strange as that may sound!)

At a more informal party

When you introduce two of your friends to each other, you can simply say, "John, this is Sarah."

Cultural considerations

At work, one person may have higher status - your boss, or a client, for example. It's polite to address them as Mr / Ms until the situation becomes more informal.

If someone says, "Please call me (Intan)", you know you can use first names. If someone uses your first name, you can use their first name too.

People in European and English-speaking cultures often shake hands when they meet someone for the first time.

How do you end your conversation?????????

Well, I should be going now. See you.
I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later..
Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
Ups.., look at the time! Sorry, I can’t chat right now. I have to go.

The finally word of conversation…
See you later/ tomorrow/ next week, etc..
Have a good time.
Good bye..
Bye bye..
Be careful, take a care.
Good bye, make a call, will you?

* Don't forget to smile! :-)

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